The "Black War" the extermination of a people.

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H-Rap 180
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edited March 2011 in The Social Lounge



The Black War refers to a period of intermittent conflict between the British colonists, whalers and sealers including those of the American sealing fleet and Aborigines in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) in the early years of the 19th century. The conflict has been described as a genocide resulting in the elimination of the full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal population,[4] though there are presently many thousands of individuals with degrees of Tasmanian Aboriginal background. The culmination of this period was the transfer of some 200 survivors, in the 1830s, to Flinders Island in Bass Strait by George Augustus Robinson.[5] In 1839, Governor Franklin, appointed a board to inquire into the conditions at Wybalenna that rejected Robinson's claims regarding living conditions and found the settlement to be a failure. Camp conditions had deteriorated and many of the residents had died of ill health and homesickness. The report was never released and the government continued to promote Wybalenna as a success in the treatment of Aborigines.[6]

Historians have described the Wybalenna settlement as not suitable: the food and living conditions as poor, and allege that many died of malnutrition and disease. The Aborigines were free to roam the island and were often absent from the settlement for extended periods of time on hunting trips. However, of the 220 who arrived, most died in the following 14 years from introduced disease. 47 survivors were moved to a settlement at Oyster Cove south of Hobart in 1847. Some of the descendants of the Tasmanian Aborigines still live on Flinders Island and nearby Cape Barren Island. Some historians such as Henry Reynolds have described the Wybalenna Aboriginal Establishment on Flinders Island, as ‘by far the best equipped, most heavily funded and lavishly staffed of all colonial institutions for Aborigines ’. Josephine Flood notes that they were provided with housing, clothing, rations of food, the services of a doctor and educational facilities. Convicts were assigned to build housing (Henry Reynolds notes that the cottages for Aborigines were extremely well built) and do most of the work at the settlement including the growing of food in the vegetable gardens.

This was published at a time when relations between Aboriginals and settlers had almost reached the stage of open hostility, a result partly of the usurpation of the natives' hunting grounds, partly of the cruel treatment and killing of natives by shepherds, stockmen, bushrangers and sealers, and partly of the kidnapping and ? of native children.


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